Recall that function arguments pass values to the function. Each value is a number—perhaps int, perhaps float, perhaps ASCII character code, or perhaps an address. A structure is a bit more complicated than a single value, so it is not surprising that ancient C implementations do not allow a structure to be used as an argument for a function. This limitation was removed in newer implementations, and ANSI C allows structures to be used as arguments. Therefore, modern implementations give you a choice between passing structures as arguments and passing pointers to structures as arguments—or if you are concerned with just part of a structure, you can pass structure members as arguments.
Passing Structure Members
As long as a structure member is a data type with a single value (that is, an int or one of its relatives, a char, a float, a double, or a pointer), it can be passed as a function argument to a function that accepts that particular type.
1.A structure can be passed to any function from main function or from any sub function.
2.Structure definition will be available within the function only.
3.It won’t be available to other functions unless it is passed to those functions by value or by address(reference).
4.Else, we have to declare structure variable as global variable. That means, structure variable should be declared outside the main function. So, this structure will be visible to all the functions in a C program.
Passing structure to function in C:
It can be done in below 3 ways.
1. Passing structure to a function by value
2. Passing structure to a function by address(reference)
3. No need to pass a structure – Declare structure variable as global
1. Passing structure to a function by value: - The whole structure is passed to another function by value. It means the whole structure is passed to another function with all members and their values. So, this structure can be accessed from called function. This concept is very useful while writing very big programs in C.
#include < stdio.h >
#include < string.h >
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float percentage;
};
void func(struct student record);
int main()
{
struct student record;
record.id=1;
strcpy(record.name,"Anuj");
record.percentage=86.5;
func(record);
return 0;
}
void func(struct student record)
{
printf(" Id is : %d \n", record.id);
printf(" Name is : %s \n", record.name);
printf(" Percentage is : %f \n", record.percentage);
}
Output:
id is: 1
Name is: Anuj
Percentage is: 86.500000
2. Passing structure to a function by address(reference): - The whole structure is passed to another function by address. It means only the address of the structure is passed to another function. The whole structure is not passed to another function with all members and their values. So, this structure can be accessed from called function by its address.
#include < stdio.h >
#include < string.h >
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float percentage;
};
void func(struct student *record);
int main()
{
struct student record;
record.id=1;
strcpy(record.name,"Anuj");
record.percentage=86.5;
func(&record);
return 0;
}
void func(struct student *record)
{
printf(" Id is : %d \n", record->id);
printf(" Name is : %s \n", record->name);
printf(" Percentage is : %f \n", record->percentage);
}
Output:
id is: 1
Name is: Anuj
Percentage is: 86.500000
3. Declare structure variable as global: - Structure variables also can be declared as global variables as we declare other variables in C. So, When a structure variable is declared as global, then it is visible to all the functions in a program. In this scenario, we don’t need to pass the structure to any function separately.
#include < stdio.h >
#include < string.h >
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float percentage;
};
struct student record; // Global declaration of structure
void structure_demo();
int main()
{
record.id=1;
strcpy(record.name,"Anuj");
record.percentage=86.5;
structure-demo();
return 0;
}
void structure_demo()
{
printf(" Id is : %d \n", record.id);
printf(" Name is : %s \n", record.name);
printf(" Percentage is : %f \n", record.percentage);
}
Output:
id is: 1
Name is: Anuj
Percentage is: 86.500000
